HashMap源码实现解析

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HashMap源码实现解析

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java version "1.8.0_251"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_251-b08)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.251-b08, mixed mode)

基于数组+链表实现，通过&与运算，计算数组下标。在JDK8中，加入红黑树实现，使其时间复杂度保持在O(1)到O(logn)

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/**
 * The table, initialized on first use, and resized as
 * necessary. When allocated, length is always a power of two.
 * (We also tolerate length zero in some operations to allow
 * bootstrapping mechanics that are currently not needed.)
 */
transient Node<K,V>[] table;

static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
    final int hash;
    final K key;
    V value;
    Node<K,V> next;

    Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
        this.hash = hash;
        this.key = key;
        this.value = value;
        this.next = next;
    }

    public final K getKey()        { return key; }
    public final V getValue()      { return value; }
    public final String toString() { return key + "=" + value; }

    public final int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
    }

    public final V setValue(V newValue) {
        V oldValue = value;
        value = newValue;
        return oldValue;
    }

    public final boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (o == this)
            return true;
        if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
            Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
            if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) &&
                Objects.equals(value, e.getValue()))
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
}

HashMap 静态内部类Node，实现链表，通过Node[]这个数组属性存放所有的节点。

put(K,V)

应该直接看final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent, boolean evict)这个方法更为实际

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final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent, boolean evict) {
    Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
    if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
        n = (tab = resize()).length;
    if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
        tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
    else {
        Node<K,V> e; K k;
        if (p.hash == hash &&
            ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
            e = p;
        else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
            e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
        else {
            for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
                if ((e = p.next) == null) {
                    p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
                        treeifyBin(tab, hash);
                    break;
                }
                if (e.hash == hash &&
                    ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                    break;
                p = e;
            }
        }
        if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
            V oldValue = e.value;
            if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
                e.value = value;
            afterNodeAccess(e);
            return oldValue;
        }
    }
    ++modCount;
    if (++size > threshold)
        resize();
    afterNodeInsertion(evict);
    return null;
}

如果当前想要存放的这个节点的hash值暂时没有存在的节点，则直接在数组中添加。

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if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
            tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);

通过&与运算，

如果当前节点的hash值存在了，则在这个节点下增加链表。

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else {
    Node<K,V> e; K k;
    if (p.hash == hash &&
        ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
        e = p;
    else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
        e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
    else {
        for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
            if ((e = p.next) == null) {
                p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
                if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
                    treeifyBin(tab, hash);
                break;
            }
            if (e.hash == hash &&
                ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                break;
            p = e;
        }
    }
    if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
        V oldValue = e.value;
        if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
            e.value = value;
        afterNodeAccess(e);
        return oldValue;
    }
}

从JDK8 开始，当链表中的子节点超过八个时，将转为红黑树。关于红黑树的数据结构特点，我现在也不是特别的理解，先给自己挖个坑，改天填。

红黑树

HashMap扩容

HashMap中有一个属性：threshold ，这个主要是根据阀值和当前HashMap的大小计算而来，可通过查看

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public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
    if (initialCapacity < 0)
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
                                           initialCapacity);
    if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
        initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
    if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
                                           loadFactor);
    this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
    this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity);
}

在初始化HashMap的最后，会根据当前的阀值和实际的大小进行计算threshold的值，同时在每一次操作元素的时候，都会去比较当前HashMap的实际大小与threshold的值，如果当前实际大小已经大于了这个限定的阀值，此时将会对HashMap进行扩容。

resize()方法主要是两个步骤：

  1. 计算大小；
  2. 将原HashMap中的元素进行移动

挖坑，以后填

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int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length;
int oldThr = threshold;
int newCap, newThr = 0;
if (oldCap > 0) {
    if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
        threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        return oldTab;
    }
    else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY &&
             oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)
        newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold
}
else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold
    newCap = oldThr;
else {               // zero initial threshold signifies using defaults
    newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
    newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
}
if (newThr == 0) {
    float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor;
    newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ?
              (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
threshold = newThr;

get(Object key)

get方法就更好理解了，首先还是通过hash值找到数组下标，然后通过数组下标获取的实际的元素。然后判断一下当前节点key的hash值是否与第一个节点相同，相同则直接返回结果。

如果不同，这个时候，就得看第一个节点后的下一个节点是采用的红黑树还是使用的链表。然后再根据key的hash去取值即可。

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final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) {
    Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k;
    if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
        (first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
        if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node
            ((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
            return first;
        if ((e = first.next) != null) {
            if (first instanceof TreeNode)
                return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
            do {
                if (e.hash == hash &&
                    ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                    return e;
            } while ((e = e.next) != null);
        }
    }
    return null;
}